Temperature is a fundamental physical property that describes the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. It's a measure of how hot or cold an object is and plays a crucial role in various scientific, environmental, and everyday contexts.
Today, there are different temperature scales in use: Celsius, Fahrenheit, Kelvin, Rakine.
The Celsius is also known as Centigrade and is widely used in moste of the world for everyday temperature measurement. The water freezes at 0°C and boils at 100°C under standard atmoshperic pressure. The expresison for converting Fahrenheit to Celsius: \begin{equation} T[°C] = (T[°F] - 32) \cdot \frac{5}{9} \end{equation} The expression for converting the Kelvin to Celsius: \begin{equation} T[°C] = T[K] - 273.15 \end{equation} The expression for converting Rankine to Celsius: \begin{equation} T[°C] = (T[°R] -491.67)\cdot \frac{5}{9} \end{equation}
The Fahrenheit is commonly used in United States. The water freezes at 32°F and boils at 212°F under stnadard atmospheric pressure. The expression for converting Celsius to Fahrenheit: \begin{equation} T[°F] = (T[°C]\cdot \frac{9}{5}) + 32 \end{equation} The expression for converting Kelvin to Fahrenheit: \begin{equation} T[°F] = T[K]\cdot \frac{9}{5} - 459.7 \end{equation} The expression for converting Rankine to Fahrenheit: \begin{equation} T[°F] = T[°R] - 459.67 \end{equation}
Kelvin is the SI unit of temperature and is used in scientific contexts. The Kelvin scale starts at 0 (absolute zero) the point wherce all molecular motion theoretically stops. The 0 K is equivalent to -273.15 °C.
The Rankine is the temeperature units used in engineering fields mainly in the United States. The Ranine is based on the Fahrenheit scale but starts at absolute zero. The tempreature of 0°R is equal to -459.67°F. The expression for converting Celsius to Rankine: \begin{equation} T[°R] = (T[°C] + 273.15) \cdot \frac{9}{5} \end{equation} The expression for converting Fahrenheit to Rankine: \begin{equation} T[°R] = T[°F] + 459.67 \end{equation} The equation for converting Kelvine to Rankine: \begin{equation} T[°R] = T[K]\cdot \frac{9}{5} \end{equation}
Example 1 - Convert the temperature of 25°C to Fahrenheit.
\begin{equation}
T = 25°C
\end{equation}
\begin{eqnarray}
T[°F] &=& (T[°C] \cdot \frac{9}{5}) + 32 \\
T[°F] &=& (25 \cdot \frac{9}{5}) + 32\\
T[°F] &=& 45 + 32 = 77°F
\end{eqnarray}
Example 2 - Convert the temperature of 77°F to Celsius.
\begin{equation}
T[°F] = 77[°F]
\end{equation}
\begin{eqnarray}
T[°C] &=& (T[°F] - 32) \cdot \frac{5}{9}\\
T[°C] &=& (77-32) \cdot \frac{5}{9} \\
T[°C] &=& 25°C
\end{eqnarray}
Example 3 - Convert the temperature of 100°C to Kelvin:
\begin{eqnarray}
T[K] &=& T[°C] + 273.15\\
T[K] &=& 100 + 273.15 \\
T[K] &=& 373.15 K
\end{eqnarray}
Example 4 - Convert the temperature of 300K to Celsius.
\begin{eqnarray}
T[°C] &=& T[K] - 273.15 \\
T[°C] &=& 300 - 273.15 \\
T[°C] &=& 26.85 °C
\end{eqnarray}
Today, there are different temperature scales in use: Celsius, Fahrenheit, Kelvin, Rakine.
The Celsius is also known as Centigrade and is widely used in moste of the world for everyday temperature measurement. The water freezes at 0°C and boils at 100°C under standard atmoshperic pressure. The expresison for converting Fahrenheit to Celsius: \begin{equation} T[°C] = (T[°F] - 32) \cdot \frac{5}{9} \end{equation} The expression for converting the Kelvin to Celsius: \begin{equation} T[°C] = T[K] - 273.15 \end{equation} The expression for converting Rankine to Celsius: \begin{equation} T[°C] = (T[°R] -491.67)\cdot \frac{5}{9} \end{equation}
The Fahrenheit is commonly used in United States. The water freezes at 32°F and boils at 212°F under stnadard atmospheric pressure. The expression for converting Celsius to Fahrenheit: \begin{equation} T[°F] = (T[°C]\cdot \frac{9}{5}) + 32 \end{equation} The expression for converting Kelvin to Fahrenheit: \begin{equation} T[°F] = T[K]\cdot \frac{9}{5} - 459.7 \end{equation} The expression for converting Rankine to Fahrenheit: \begin{equation} T[°F] = T[°R] - 459.67 \end{equation}
Kelvin is the SI unit of temperature and is used in scientific contexts. The Kelvin scale starts at 0 (absolute zero) the point wherce all molecular motion theoretically stops. The 0 K is equivalent to -273.15 °C.
The Rankine is the temeperature units used in engineering fields mainly in the United States. The Ranine is based on the Fahrenheit scale but starts at absolute zero. The tempreature of 0°R is equal to -459.67°F. The expression for converting Celsius to Rankine: \begin{equation} T[°R] = (T[°C] + 273.15) \cdot \frac{9}{5} \end{equation} The expression for converting Fahrenheit to Rankine: \begin{equation} T[°R] = T[°F] + 459.67 \end{equation} The equation for converting Kelvine to Rankine: \begin{equation} T[°R] = T[K]\cdot \frac{9}{5} \end{equation}
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